Hello, and I hope you are well!
I am making this post to hopefully reorganize some of the Xinjiang issuers under China, as they are rather messy at the moment, and they are highly relevant to the coinage I ref for (Central Asia).
For starters, the uprisings in the 19th century. During this time, three states existed in Xinjiang that issued coins, these being the Khanate of Kucha, the Emirate of Kashgar/Yettishar, and a local uprising in Khotan/Hotan. Currently, the Khanate of Kucha and the local Khotan rebel coins are grouped together under the fantastical issuer “Turkestan Khanate”, which was not a historical issuer and should be separated into its proper sub-parts. The coins of the Emirate of Kashgar are inexplicably listed not under the issuer “Xinjiang Region”, but instead under the issuer “Sinkiang Province”. These coins should also be given their proper issuer, as a sub-issuer under “Xinjiang Region”. As seen here on Zeno, these three states were independent issuers, and deserve their own representation as issuers here on Numista: https://www.zeno.ru/showgallery.php?cat=736
Proposed format:
China
----- Empire of China
---------- Xinjiang Region
--------------- Kucha Region
--------------- South Xinjaing
--------------- Dungan Revolt
-------------------- Emirate of Kashgar (Alt. name “Yettishar”)
-------------------- Khanate of Kucha
-------------------- Hakimate of Khotan
1.
Name: Khanate of Kucha
Coins: Cash of Rashidin Khan, ex. N#257910
Map Location: China
Predecessors: “Empire of China”
Successors: “Empire of China”, “Emirate of Kashgar”
Related States: “Uprising in Khotan”
Introduction: The Khanate of Kucha was a short lived rebel state centered around the city of Kucha in the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang. During the Dungan revolt from 1862 to 1877, Rashidin Khan Khoja proclaimed a Jihad against the Qing dynasty, and captured large cities in the Tarim Basin.
The issuer “Turkestan Khanate” already exists and currently houses the coins of Rashidin Khan, so the easiest solution would be to just fix it's name and add the additional information to that issuer.
2.
Name: Emirate of Kashgar (Alt. name "Yettishar)
Coins: Bronze, silver, and gold struck by Yakub Beg. See here: https://www.zeno.ru/showgallery.php?cat=1051
Map Location: China
Predecessors: “Empire of China”, “Khanate of Kucha”, “Uprising in Khotan”
Successors: “Empire of China”
Related States: “Ottoman Empire”, “Khoqand Khanate”
Introduction: The Emirate of Kashgar was a Turkic state centered around the city of Kashgar in the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang. During the Dungan Revolt against the Qing dynasty, it was an Islamic monarchy ruled by Yakub Beg, from the Khanate of Khoqand. The Ottoman Empire recognized Kashgar as a vassal state in 1873, but the Emirate was retaken by Qing forces in 1877.
This would need to be a newly created issuer, and the coins issued under Yakub Beg that are haphazardly strewn about in the issuer “Sinkiang Province” should be moved to this newly created one instead.
3.
Name: Hakimate of Khotan
Coins: Only 1 type is known; N#296763
Map Location: China
Predecessors: “Empire of China”
Successors: “Empire of China”, “Emirate of Kashgar”
Related States: “Khanate of Kucha"
Introduction: During the Dugan Revolt in Xinjiang against the Qing Dynasty, many Tarim Basin cities rose in rebellion. Khotan was one of these, but was quicky annexed by the larger Dugan Revolt states such as Yettishar.
This would need to be a newly created issuer, and the coin issued under Habibullah, the Hakim of Khotan (Which is currently cataloged erroneously alongside the cash of Rashidin Khan) would be moved here.
I want to poke @gros and @Tmsconst on this topic, as they are the refs for the coins from Xinjiang, and their input would be valuable!
Have a wonderful day!